Switch Versus if-else Ladder

Q. What is the difference between the Switch statement and if- else ladder statements?

S.No.	Switch statement	If- else-if ladder statements
	Instead of using the if-else-if Ladder control statement, the Switch Statement is available in program C for Handling multiple choices. In Switch statement three keywords are used switch, case, and default. we can use integer. constant. but we can not use floating point and string constants.	This is a type of nesting in which there is an if...else statement in every else part except the last else part. This type nesting is called the else if Ladder Statement.
	Syntax: Switch(expression) {   case constant 1:   statement;   break;   case constant 2:   statement;   break;   case constant 3:   statement;   break;   default;   statement }	Syntax: if(Condition 1)        Statement A; else if(Condition 2)          Statement B;  else if(Condition 3)               Statement C;   else if(Condition 4)                 Statement C;        else                  Statement D;
3.	It’s also called cases control statement.	It’s also called loader if statement.
4.	In switch statements we use switch keyword.	Here we use else if keywords.
5.	It is easy to use & understand.	It is complex statements.
6.	It can have different cases for different conditions.	But there is no different cases for different conditions.
7.	In this statement, we can not use relational & logical operators.	In this we can use relational & logical statements.
8.	#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h> void main() {      int ch;     printf("\n1. press ch=1 for monday. \n2. press ch=2 for tuesday.\n3. press ch=3 for wednesday. \n4.press ch=4 for thursday. \n5.press ch=5 for friday.\n6.press ch=6 for saturday. \n7. press ch=7 for sunday.");       printf("\n enetr your choice =");     scanf("%d", &ch);      switch(ch)      {           case 1:         printf("today is monday");         break;                  case 2:         printf("today is tuesday");         break;                  case 3:         printf("today is wednesday");         break;            case 4:         printf("today is thursday");         break;                  case 5:         printf("today is friday");         break;            case 6:         printf("today is saturday");         break;                  case 7:         printf("today is sunday");         break;                  default:         printf("wrong choice Try Again!!!");      }              getch();   }   Output: Click Here, Switch Statement	#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h> void main() {     int ch;          printf("\n1. press ch=1 for monday. \n2. press ch=2 for tuesday.\n3. press ch=3 for wednesday. \n4.press ch=4 for thursday. \n5.press ch=5 for friday.\n6.press ch=6 for saturday. \n7. press ch=7 for sunday.");     printf("\n enetr your choice =");     scanf("%d", &ch);     if(ch==1)     {         printf("today is monday");     }   else if(ch==2)     {        printf("today is tuesday");     }  else if(ch==3)     {        printf("today is wednesday");     }  else if(ch==4)     {         printf("today is thursday");     }   else if(ch==5)     {         printf("today is friday");     }   else  if(ch==6)     {         printf("today is saturday");     }   else if(ch==7)     {         printf("today is sunday");     }     getch();      } Output:     Click Here, else-if Ladder

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The Switch Statement

Instead of using the if-else-if Ladder control statement, the Switch Statement is available in program C for Handling multiple choices. In Switch statement three keywords are used switch, case, and default.we can use integer. constant. but we can not use floating point and string constants.

Syntax:

Switch(expression)

{

  case constant 1:

  statement;

  break;

  case constant 2:

  statement;

  break;

  case constant 3:

  statement;

  break;

  default;

  statement

}

Flowchart:

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

    int ch;

    printf("\nenter 1 for print red \nenter 2 for print blue  \nenter 3 for print green \nenter your choice");

    scanf("%d",& ch);

    

    switch(ch)

    {

        case 1:

        printf("red");

        break;

        

         case 2:

        printf("blue");

        break;

        

         case 3:

        printf("green");

        break;

        

        default:

        printf("wrong choice try again!");

        getch();

    }

}

    

Output:

    Here, you can See  the choice that is given by user is matched, one by one, when a match is found, the program executes the statements following case, and all subsequent case and default statement as well. If no match is found with any of the case statements, only the default statement is executed. 

Control Statement: else if ladder

C Program to Print Day Name of Week using Else If ladder

The else if ladder

The else if ladder

/*Control Statement: else if ladder*/

* Click Here, for control statement- Simple if Statement

* Click Here, for Control Statement- if else Statement

* Click Here, for Nested if-else Statement

• The else if Ladder Statement:

This is a type of nesting in which there is an if...else statement in every else part except the last else part. This type nesting is called the else if Ladder Statement.

The Syntax of else if Ladder:

if(Condition 1)

       Statement A;

else if(Condition 2)

         Statement B;

 else if(Condition 3)

              Statement C;

  else if(Condition 4)

                Statement C;

       else

                 Statement D;

The Example of else if Ladder :

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

    float per;

  

    printf("Enter your percentage = ");

    scanf("%f",&per);

    if(per>=85)

    printf( "grade B");

    else if(per>=70)

    printf( "grade B");

    if(per>=55)

    printf( "grade ='C'");

    else if(per>=40)

    printf( "grade D");

    else

    printf("Fail");

    getch();

       

}

Output:

The Nested if-else Statements :

The Nested if-else Statement

/*Control statement Nested if-else statement*/

* Click here, for Control Statement- Simple if Statement

* Click here, for Control Statement- if-else Statement

• The Nested if-else Statements :

In C language, we can have another if..else statement in the if block or the else block. This is called nested if-else.

The Syntax of Nested if-else:

if(condition 1)

{

    if(condition 2)

          statement A1;

       else

          statement A2;

}

else

{

   if(condition 3)

          statement B1;

        else

          statement B2;

}

The Example of Nested if-else:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

     int a, b, c;

     

    printf("enter value in a = ");

    scanf("%d",& a);

    printf("enter value in b = ");

    scanf("%d",& b);

    printf("enter value in c = ");

    scanf("%d",& c);

    

if(a<b)

     {

         if(a<c)

           printf("\na is smallest %d", a);

           else

            printf("\nc is smallest %d", c);

     }

     else

     {

         if(b<c)

            printf("\nb is smallest %d",b);

           else

            printf("\nc is smallest %d",c);

     }

    getch();

}

Output:

     

The Decision Control Structure or Control Statement

/*Control Statement: Simple if statement*/

By Default the instructions in a program are executed sequentially.
and many a times, we want a set of instructions to be executed in one situation, and an entirely different set of instruction to be executed in another situation. In that time, Control statements allow us to change the sequence of instructions for execution. In other word, control statement define how the control is transferred to other parts of the program. In C language there are four types of control statements which are as-

• if statement

• goto statement

• switch statement

• loop

The if statement in C can be used in various forms.

i.) simple if statement

ii.) if else statement

iii.) Nested if-else Statement

iv.) else-if Ladder

•  The simple if Statement:

In the if statement the if keyword is used. if keyword is always enclosed within a pair of parentheses. If the condition, whatever is it, is true, then the statement is executed otherwise skipped it.

The syntax of the simple if statement: 

if(this condition is true)
execute this statement;

The Flowchart of if statement: 

The Example of if statement: 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
    int num;
    printf("enter a number less than 5 =");
    scanf("%d",&num);
    if(num<5)
     printf("This is called simple if statement");
     getch();
}

Output:

In general we express the condition using relational operators. the relational operators allow us to compare two values to see whether they are equal to each other, unequal, or whether one is greater than other or less than. So this table define how can use relational operators in different conditions.

This expression	is true if
x==y	x is equal to y
x!=y	x is not equal to y
x<y	x is less than y
x<y	x is greater than y
x<=y	x is less than or equal to y
x>=y	x is greater than or equal

Operators in C

/*Operators And Expressions*/

An operators specifies an operation to be performed that yields a value. operators are essential to form expression and to perform arithmetical and logical operations on  values or variables. some operators require two operands, while other act upon only one operand. An operand is a data item on which an operator acts.

C includes types of operators. which are as-

Arithmetic operators

Assignment operators

Increment and Decrements operators

Relational operators

Logical operators

Conditional operators

Comma operators

Sizeof operator

Bitwise operators

Other operators

1.) Arithmetic Operators 

Arithmetic operators are used for arithmetic and numeric calculations which perform addition, subtractions, multiplication etc. they are of two types...

i. Unary arithmetic operators

ii. Binary arithmetic operators

• Unary Arithmetic Operators: unary operators require only one operand. 

example: +x -y

• Binary Arithmetic Operators

Binary operators require two operands. 

example: 5+4-9

The "+" and "-" symbols are called operators and 5,4,9 are the operands.

Operators	Purpose
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Remainder

Example of arithmetic Operators:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
 void main()
{
int x, y, result;
printf("Enter your first integer in x =");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("Enter your second integer in y =");
scanf("%d",&y);
//Addition
result=x+y;
printf("\n addition = %d",result); 
//Subtraction
result =x-y;
printf("\nSubtraction = %d",result);     
//division
result=x/y;
printf("\ndivision = %d",result); 
//Remainder
result=x%y;
printf("\nremainder after division = %d",result);
getch();
}
Ouput:

2.) Assignment Operators

The assignment operator is represented by equal sign(=). it is assign a value.

example: a=10

Here, 10 is assigned to a.

3.) Increment and decrements Operators

The increment and decrements operators in C are represented by ++ and -- sign. The operator "++" means add 1 and the operators "--" means subtract 1.

for example: 

int a=5; 

a=a+1; / ++a;

Result a=6

int a=5; 

a=a-1; / --a;

Result a=4

These operators are two type-

i.) Prefix increments/decrements:  Here, operator is written before the operand. e.g. ++a or --a.

ii.) Postfix increment/decrements: Here, operators is written after the operand. e.g. a++ or a--.

For example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
 void main()
{
int x ;
printf("Enter your first integer in x =");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("\n value of x = %d",x);  
//prefix increment ++x
printf("\n prefix increment = %d",++x);
printf("\n after prefix increment the value of x = %d",x); 
//prefix decrements --x
printf("\n prefix decrements= %d",--x); 
printf("\n after prefix decrements the value of x = %d",x); 
//postfix increment x++
printf("\n postfix increment = %d",x++);
printf("\n after postfix increment the value of x = %d",x);
//postfix decrement x--
printf("\n postfix decrements = %d",x--); 
printf("\n after postfix decrements the value of x %d",x); 
getch();

}
Output:

4.)Relational Operators

relational operators such as greater than or less than, are used to compare value between two variables.an expression contains relational operators is called relational expression. the relational operators are.

Operators	Purpose
<	less than
<=	less than or equal to
==	equal to
!=	not equal to
>	greater than
>=	greater than or equal to

5.) Logical Operator

An expression that combines two or more expression is termed as a logical expression. for combining these expression we used logical operators.

C allow three types of logical operators, namely 

Operators	Purpose
&&	Logical And
||	Logical Or
!	Logical Not

6.) Conditional Operator

The conditional operator(? and :) require three expression as operands. it is also called ternary operator. the syntax or the conditional operator is 

conditional expression ? expression1 : expression2;

void main()

{

 int x,y;

if(x>y)? a:b;

}

a is true and b is false.

7.) Comma Operators

The expression is separated by the comma operator.

for example: x=5, b=9;  

8.) sizeof Operator

sizeof Operator is used to return the size of its operand in terms of bytes. it is an unary operator.

9.) Bitwise Operator

bitwise operators operate on integers only.

Operators	Purpose
&	bitwise AND
|	bitwise OR
~	one's complement
<<	left shift
>>	right shift
^	bitwise XOR